Slow wire walking, also called low-speed wire walking, is a kind of CNC machining machine tool that uses continuously moving fine metal wire as an electrode to pulse spark discharge on the workpiece to generate a high temperature of over 6000 degrees, ablate metal and cut into a workpiece. The principle of wire processing is the phenomenon that there is a gap between the wire electrode and the workpiece, and the metal is removed by continuous discharge. Since the slow-moving wire cutting machine adopts the method of wire electrode continuous feeding, that is, the wire electrode is processed during the movement, so even if the wire electrode is worn out, it can be continuously supplemented, so it can improve the machining accuracy of the parts and slow the wire. The surface roughness of the workpiece processed by the cutting machine can usually reach Ra=0.8μm and above, and the roundness error, linear error and dimensional error of the slow-moving wire cutting machine are much better t
The static pressure slide rail (TTW guide) of the CNC machining lathe transfers the oil with a certain pressure through the throttle to the oil cavity between the sliding surfaces of the slide rail (TTW guide) to form a pressure oil film to float the moving parts , Make the sliding rail (TTW guide) surface in a pure liquid friction state. CNC machining General CNC machining usually refers to computer digital control precision machining, CNC machining lathe, CNC machining milling machine, CNC machining c17200 beryllium copper and milling machine, etc. The feed route of finishing is basically carried out along the part contour sequence. Therefore, the focus of determining the feed route is to determine the feed route of rough machining and idle stroke. In the numerical control processing, the control system issues instructions to make the tool perform various motions that meet the requirements, and the shape and size of the workpiece are expressed in the form of numbers and lette
1. Blue-collar layer: That is, CNC machining operation technicians, proficient in machining and CNC machining process knowledge, proficient in the operation and manual programming of CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools), understand automatic programming and simple maintenance of CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools), such There is a large market demand for personnel, and they are suitable for operating workers of CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools) in the workshop, but due to their single knowledge, their wages will not be much higher. 2. Gray collar layer: One, CNC machining programmer: Master the knowledge of 5 Axis CNC machining Aluminum technology and the operation of CNC machine tools (attributes: automated machine tools), be familiar with the design and manufacturing expertise of complex molds (title: mother of industry), and be proficient in 3D CAD/CAM software, such as UG, GOOGLE PRO/E, etc. ; Familiar with CNC
Keywords:bolts,Why are bolts tightened? What are the benefits of tightening it?
Recently, there has been a lot of publicity about the spirit of craftsman, with reports on how rigorous the method of tightening bolts by German technicians is compared with the method of Tightening bolts by Chinese workers. Strictly speaking, in the process of equipment assemblly, the method of tightening bolts has been defined in the design, even with what tools?Screw bolt so simple thing, how to still decide an operation specification? Are designers really looking for trouble? In fact, the screw bolt is not as simple as imagined. The screw bolt is to make the bolt obtain an initial pretightening force. What role does this pretightening play?
Why to make the bolt to obtain an initial preload, this should start from the role of the bolt connection.
Transfer lateral force or torque
The bolt pretightening force generates pressure between the contact surfaces of the connected parts. The greater the pressure between the contact surfaces, the greater the transverse force can be transmitted. When the pressure on the contact surface is large enough, the transverse force is transferred entirely by the friction force, and the bolt only bears the pre-tightening force, not the shear stress and compressive stress, and the safety of the bolt is greatly increased, as shown in Figure 1.
Sealing function
When the bolt connection is used for pressure pipe or pressure vessel, the bolt should have enough pretightening force to play a sealing role, and the total pretightening force of the bolt should not be less than the pressure of the fluid between the contact surface, as shown in Figure 2.
Prevent the structure from opening
Generally under fatigue load of bolt connection are not allowed to be fitting slotted, once produce gap between fittings, bolt tension will be increased with the increase of the tensile load increase quickly, the image below for the bolt tensile force and the load curve (as shown in figure 3), we can see that in the first half of the curve, by fitting between slit, bolt tensile slow growth, After the joint is slit, the bolt tension increases rapidly.
After the joint is opened, the amplitude of the alternating fatigue load of the bolt will increase rapidly, and the fatigue strength of the bolt will be greatly shortened.
Bolt tightening is analyzed from three aspects, including:
Bolt pretightening can prevent the opening separation of the connecting piece, improve the fatigue strength of the bolt connection;
To prevent the sliding of the connecting piece, relying on friction to achieve the role of the connecting piece to resist external load, to avoid the bolt subjected to shear load;
Prevent internal pressure leakage of pressure vessels.
The above three points are exactly the three parts of VDI2230 standard to calculate the bolt required preload, that is, the minimum preload required by the bolt, so as to design the appropriate bolt specification and performance grade, and finally determine the bolt preload.
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